The basic properties of the connector can be divided into three categories: the mechanical properties, electrical properties, and environmental performance. Another important mechanical properties of the mechanical life of the connector. Mechanical life is actually a durability (durability) indicators. It is engaged with a separation of one cycle, to engage in a prescribed cycle after the separation of its connector can normally complete the connection function (such as a contact resistance value) as the basis for evaluation.
The connector 1. Mechanical properties on connectivity, the insertion force is important to the mechanical properties. Insertion force into the insertion and extraction force (pull force known as the separation force), both requirements are different. In the relevant standards with a maximum insertion force and the predetermined minimum separation force, which shows that, using the angle of view, the insertion force to be small (and thus has a low insertion force and no insertion force ZIF LIF structure), and if the separation force is too small, will affect the reliability of the contact. The insertion force connector and mechanical life contact structure (positive pressure size) contacting the coating quality parts (sliding friction coefficient) and contact arrangement dimensional accuracy (degree of alignment) related.
2. The main electrical properties including electrical performance of the connector contact resistance, insulation resistance and dielectric strength.
① high electrical contact resistance of the connector should have a low and stable contact resistance. Connector contact resistance from a few milliohms to tens of milliohms range.
② measure the insulation resistance between the insulation performance indicators electrical connector contacts and the contact member and the housing, on the order of hundreds to thousands of megohms megohm range.
③ said dielectric strength or resistance, voltage, medium voltage, tolerance is the ability to characterize the connector between contacts or contacts with the housing rated test voltage.
④ other electrical properties.
EMI leakage attenuation of electromagnetic interference shielding effect of the evaluation of the connector, the leakage of electromagnetic interference attenuation of electromagnetic interference shielding effect of the evaluation of the connector, generally in the frequency range of 100MHz ~ 10GHz test.
RF coaxial connectors, as well as the characteristic impedance, insertion loss, reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and other electrical indicators. Due to the development of digital technology, in order to connect and transmit high-speed digital pulse signal, the emergence of a new type of connector that is high-speed signal connectors, respectively, in terms of electrical performance, in addition to the characteristic impedance, but also there are some new electrical indicators such as crosstalk (crosstalk), propagation delay (delay), delay (skew) and so on.
3. Environmental performance of common environmental performance, including temperature, humidity, salt fog, vibration, and shock.
① temperature currently connectors maximum operating temperature of 200 ℃ (except a few special high-temperature connector), the lowest temperature of -65 ℃.
Since the connector when the connector is to work, the current generates heat at the contact point, leading to temperature rise, it is generally considered to be equal to the temperature rise of the ambient temperature and the contact point. In some specification, specify the maximum temperature rise connector rated operating current permissible. ② moisture intrusion of moisture will affect the connection h insulation properties, and corrosion of metal parts. Damp heat test conditions for a relative humidity of 90% ~ 95% (depending on product specifications, up to 98%), temperature + 40 ± 20 ℃, test time by product regulations, a minimum of 96 hours. Damp heat test is more stringent. ③ connector resistant to salt spray containing moisture and salt in the work environment, its metal structure, the contact surface treatment layer may produce galvanic corrosion, affecting the physical and electrical performance of the connector. To evaluate the tolerance of the electrical connector of this environment, the salt spray test requirements. It is suspended in the connector temperature controlled test chamber, the discharge of compressed air with a predetermined concentration of sodium chloride solution to form a salt spray atmosphere, and for a time predetermined by the product specifications, at least 48 hours. ④ vibration and shock resistance to vibration and shock is an important performance electrical connectors, such as aviation and aerospace, rail and road transport is particularly important in a particular application environment, it is to test the mechanical structure of the electrical connector robustness and reliable electrical contact an important indicator. In the relevant test methods are clearly defined. Impact test shall be provided that the peak acceleration, duration and impact pulse waveform, and electrical discontinuity of time.
⑤ other environmental performance based on the requirements, the performance as well as other environmental sealing (air leakage, fluid pressure), liquid immersed electrical connector (abuse-resistant capability of the particular liquid), and low pressure.